Add authentication to your .NET Core (Blazor WASM) application

tip:

The following demonstration is built on .NET Core 8.0 and Blorc.OpenIdConnect.
The .NET Core sample projects are available in the GitHub repository.

Prerequisites

A Logto Cloud account or a self-hosted Logto.
A Logto single page application created.

Installation

Add the NuGet package to your project:

dotnet add package Blorc.OpenIdConnect

Integration

Add script references

Include Blorc.Core/injector.js the index.html file:

index.html
<head>
  <!-- ... -->
  <script src="_content/Blorc.Core/injector.js"></script>
  <!-- ... -->
</head>

Register services

Add the following code to the Program.cs file:

Program.cs
using Blorc.OpenIdConnect;
using Blorc.Services;

builder.Services.AddBlorcCore();
builder.Services.AddAuthorizationCore();
builder.Services.AddBlorcOpenIdConnect(
    options =>
    {
        builder.Configuration.Bind("IdentityServer", options);
    });

var webAssemblyHost = builder.Build();

await webAssemblyHost
    .ConfigureDocumentAsync(async documentService =>
    {
        await documentService.InjectBlorcCoreJsAsync();
        await documentService.InjectOpenIdConnectAsync();
    });

await webAssemblyHost.RunAsync();

info:

There's no need to use the Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.WebAssembly.Authentication package. The Blorc.OpenIdConnect package will take care of the authentication process.

Configure redirect URIs

Before we dive into the details, here's a quick overview of the end-user experience. The sign-in process can be simplified as follows:

Your app invokes the sign-in method.
The user is redirected to the Logto sign-in page. For native apps, the system browser is opened.
The user signs in and is redirected back to your app (configured as the redirect URI).

This authentication process follows the OpenID Connect (OIDC) protocol, and Logto enforces strict security measures to protect user sign-in.
If you have multiple apps, you can use the same identity provider (Logto). Once the user signs in to one app, Logto will automatically complete the sign-in process when the user accesses another app.

To learn more about the rationale and benefits of redirect-based sign-in, see Logto sign-in experience explained.

note:

In the following code snippets, we assume your app is running on http://localhost:3000/.

Configure redirect URIs

Switch to the application details page of Logto Console. Add a redirect URI http://localhost:3000/callback.

Just like signing in, users should be redirected to Logto for signing out of the shared session. Once finished, it would be great to redirect the user back to your website. For example, add http://localhost:3000/ as the post sign-out redirect URI section.

Then click "Save" to save the changes.

Configure application

Add the following code to the appsettings.json file:

appsettings.json
{
// ...
IdentityServer: {
  Authority: 'https://<your-logto-endpoint>/oidc',
  ClientId: '<your-logto-app-id>',
  PostLogoutRedirectUri: 'http://localhost:3000/',
  RedirectUri: 'http://localhost:3000/callback',
  ResponseType: 'code',
  Scope: 'openid profile', // Add more scopes if needed
},
}

Remember to add the RedirectUri and PostLogoutRedirectUri to the list of allowed redirect URIs in the Logto application settings. They are both the URL of your WASM application.

Add `AuthorizeView` component

In the Razor pages that require authentication, add the AuthorizeView component. Let's assume it's the Home.razor page:

Pages/Home.razor
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Authorization
@page "/"

<AuthorizeView>
    <Authorized>
        @* Signed in view *@
        <button @onclick="OnLogoutButtonClickAsync">
            Sign out
        </button>
    </Authorized>
    <NotAuthorized>
        @* Unauthenticated view *@
        <button @onclick="OnLoginButtonClickAsync">
            Sign in
        </button>
    </NotAuthorized>
</AuthorizeView>

Set up authentication

In the Home.razor.cs file (create it if it doesn't exist), add the following code:

Pages/Home.razor.cs
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Web;
using Blorc.OpenIdConnect;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Authorization;

[Authorize]
public partial class Home : ComponentBase
{
    [Inject]
    public required IUserManager UserManager { get; set; }

    public User<Profile>? User { get; set; }

    [CascadingParameter]
    protected Task<AuthenticationState>? AuthenticationStateTask { get; set; }

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        User = await UserManager.GetUserAsync<User<Profile>>(AuthenticationStateTask!);
    }

    private async Task OnLoginButtonClickAsync(MouseEventArgs obj)
    {
        await UserManager.SignInRedirectAsync();
    }

    private async Task OnLogoutButtonClickAsync(MouseEventArgs obj)
    {
        await UserManager.SignOutRedirectAsync();
    }
}

Once the user is authenticated, the User property will be populated with the user information.

Checkpoint: Test your application

Now, you can test your application:

Run your application, you will see the sign-in button.
Click the sign-in button, the SDK will init the sign-in process and redirect you to the Logto sign-in page.
After you signed in, you will be redirected back to your application and see the sign-out button.
Click the sign-out button to clear local storage and sign out.

Get user information

Display user information

Here are some examples of how to display user information in the Home.razor page:

<AuthorizeView>
    <Authorized>
        @* Signed in view *@
        @* ... *@
        <p>You are signed in as @(@User?.Profile?.Name ?? "(unknown name)").</p>
    </Authorized>
    @* ... *@
</AuthorizeView>

For more properties and claims, check the User and Profile classes in the Blorc.OpenIdConnect package.

Request additional claims

You may find some user information are missing in the returned object from User. This is because OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect (OIDC) are designed to follow the principle of least privilege (PoLP), and Logto is built on top of these standards.

By default, limited claims are returned. If you need more information, you can request additional scopes to access more claims.

info:

A "claim" is an assertion made about a subject; a "scope" is a group of claims. In the current case, a claim is a piece of information about the user.

Here's a non-normative example the scope - claim relationship:

tip:

The "sub" claim means "subject", which is the unique identifier of the user (i.e. user ID).

Logto SDK will always request three scopes: openid, profile, and offline_access.

To request additional scopes, you can add valid scopes to the IdentityServer.Scope property in the appsettings.json file.

{
  // ...
  "IdentityServer": {
    // ...
    "Scope": "openid profile email phone"
  }
}

Claims that need network request

To prevent bloating the user object, some claims require network requests to fetch. For example, the custom_data claim is not included in the user object even if it's requested in the scopes. To fetch these claims, you can set the IdentityServer.LoadUserInfo property to true in the appsettings.json file.

For example, to fetch the user's email address and custom data, you can use the following configuration:

{
  // ...
  "IdentityServer": {
    // ...
    "Scope": "openid profile email custom_data",
    "LoadUserInfo": true
  }
}

Scopes and claims

Logto uses OIDC scopes and claims conventions to define the scopes and claims for retrieving user information from the ID token and OIDC userinfo endpoint. Both of the "scope" and the "claim" are terms from the OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect (OIDC) specifications.

Here's the list of supported scopes and the corresponding claims:

openid

Claim name	Type	Description	Needs userinfo?
sub	`string`	The unique identifier of the user	No

profile

Claim name	Type	Description	Needs userinfo?
name	`string`	The full name of the user	No
username	`string`	The username of the user	No
picture	`string`	URL of the End-User's profile picture. This URL MUST refer to an image file (for example, a PNG, JPEG, or GIF image file), rather than to a Web page containing an image. Note that this URL SHOULD specifically reference a profile photo of the End-User suitable for displaying when describing the End-User, rather than an arbitrary photo taken by the End-User.	No
created_at	`number`	Time the End-User was created. The time is represented as the number of milliseconds since the Unix epoch (1970-01-01T00:00:00Z).	No
updated_at	`number`	Time the End-User's information was last updated. The time is represented as the number of milliseconds since the Unix epoch (1970-01-01T00:00:00Z).	No

Other standard claims include family_name, given_name, middle_name, nickname, preferred_username, profile, website, gender, birthdate, zoneinfo, and locale will be also included in the profile scope without the need for requesting the userinfo endpoint. A difference compared to the claims above is that these claims will only be returned when their values are not empty, while the claims above will return null if the values are empty.

note:

Unlike the standard claims, the created_at and updated_at claims are using milliseconds instead of seconds.

email

Claim name	Type	Description	Needs userinfo?
email	`string`	The email address of the user	No
email_verified	`boolean`	Whether the email address has been verified	No

phone

Claim name	Type	Description	Needs userinfo?
phone_number	`string`	The phone number of the user	No
phone_number_verified	`boolean`	Whether the phone number has been verified	No

address

Please refer to the OpenID Connect Core 1.0 for the details of the address claim.

custom_data

Claim name	Type	Description	Needs userinfo?
custom_data	`object`	The custom data of the user	Yes

identities

Claim name	Type	Description	Needs userinfo?
identities	`object`	The linked identities of the user	Yes
sso_identities	`array`	The linked SSO identities of the user	Yes

urn:logto:scope:organizations

Claim name	Type	Description	Needs userinfo?
organizations	`string[]`	The organization IDs the user belongs to	No
organization_data	`object[]`	The organization data the user belongs to	Yes

urn:logto:scope:organization_roles

Claim name	Type	Description	Needs userinfo?
organization_roles	`string[]`	The organization roles the user belongs to with the format of `<organization_id>:<role_name>`	No

Considering performance and the data size, if "Needs userinfo?" is "Yes", it means the claim will not show up in the ID token, but will be returned in the userinfo endpoint response.

API resources

We recommend to read 🔐 Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) first to understand the basic concepts of Logto RBAC and how to set up API resources properly.

By default, when you access User?.AccessToken, you will get an opaque token which has a short length and is not a JWT (JSON Web Token). This token is used to access the userinfo endpoint.

Add API resource to configuration

In order to get a JWT token that can be used to access an API resource defined in Logto, add the following parameters to the appsettings.json file (taking https://my-api-resource as an example):

appsettings.json
{
  // ...
  "IdentityServer": {
    // ...
    "Scope": "openid profile email <your-api-scopes>", // Add your API scopes here
    "Resource": "https://my-api-resource",
    "ExtraTokenParams": {
        "resource": "https://my-api-resource" // Ensure the key "resource" is lowercase
    }
  }
}

The Resource property is used to add the API resource to the auth request. The ExtraTokenParams property is used to add the API resource to the token request. Since Logto conforms RFC 8707 for API resources, both properties are required.

caution:

Since WebAssembly is a client-side application, the token request will only be sent to the server-side once. Due to this nature, LoadUserInfo is conflict with fetching access token for API resources.

Use access token

Once the user is authenticated, you can access the API resource by using the User?.AccessToken property. For example, you can use the HttpClient to access the API resource:

using Blorc.OpenIdConnect;

builder.Services
    .AddHttpClient("MyApiResource", client =>
    {
        client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://my-api-resource");
    })
    .AddAccessToken(); // Add access token to the request header

Prerequisites​

Installation​

Integration​

Add script references​

Register services​

Configure redirect URIs​

Regarding redirect-based sign-in​

Configure redirect URIs​

Configure application​

Add AuthorizeView component​

Set up authentication​

Checkpoint: Test your application​

Get user information​

Display user information​

Request additional claims​

Claims that need network request​

Scopes and claims​

API resources​

Add API resource to configuration​

Use access token​

Further readings​

Prerequisites

Installation

Integration

Add script references

Register services

Configure redirect URIs

Regarding redirect-based sign-in

Configure redirect URIs

Configure application

Add `AuthorizeView` component

Set up authentication

Checkpoint: Test your application

Get user information

Display user information

Request additional claims

Claims that need network request

Scopes and claims

API resources

Add API resource to configuration

Use access token

Further readings